Implementing a Supply Chain Management System

Implementing a Supply Chain Management System Advantages and Disadvantages of Implementing a Supply Chain Management System A Supply Chain Management system is an information system which integrates the primary inbound logistics business activity. Supply Chain Management system supports inbound and outbound logistics procurement as well as procurement support activities. Supply Chain Management systems support three basic processes which are source, purchase and settle; because Supply Chain Management systems support the three basic processes the process itself of the supply chain has become faster and more efficient. One advantage of implementing a supply chain management system within an organization is that it has expanded supply chain speed which is the dollar value of good exchanged in a given period of time; this allows for companies make their processes quicker and more efficient. Another advantage for implementing a Supply Chain Management is that the Supply Chain Management System enables both the supplier and the customer to reduce the size of inventories therefore reducing inventory costs which in the long run will assist the company grow because they are keeping their costs low. This reduction in inventory costs is possible because the speed and the efficiency provided by information systems enable processing of small orders fast. SCM Systems also help improve delivery scheduling this occurs because the suppliers are able to deliver materials and components at the time and sequence needed this enables just-in-time inventory which allows manufacturers to reduce raw materials and handle of raw materials. SCM Systems also are an advantage because it creates processes to achieve strategies. The SCM Systems are mainly developed for support for business processes which assist organizations achieve competitive advantage over other companies as well as helping to avoid creating systems that are unrelated to organizations strategy. The last advantage of a SCM system is it fixes bullwhip effect which is the tendency of consumers to buy more than they would need in the immediate fu ture. The disadvantages to implementing a Supply Chain Management System are that it can be expensive and difficult for some employees to learn. While some employees want change and are not reluctant to modifications to their current system many other employees will resist the change; which would result in the organization having to deal with this which can drive costs of implementing such a system even higher. Another reason implementing a SCM System is a disadvantage is because for some organizations it may require them to change substantially because their current system is very basic; therefore, implementation of such a highly advanced system could change the organization considerably. If a company grows significantly, such as NIKE did, then SCM can become a hindrance because the company grows and the system could become irrelevant towards the companys main objective. An additional drawback of implementing a SCM System is that there could be a lack of appreciation for the system just a s there was for NIKE; this is based on the statement made by the Nike CIO, Gordon Steele, he thought that that this system would have been an easier solution for the problems Nike was facing but in essence it turned out to much more complicated. Another disadvantage for implementing a SCM System is that even though a company may think that they have trained their employees enough, the reality of this can be that there is never enough training available, which Nikes CIO stated again. Options for Acquiring a SCM System Companies must first acknowledge that there is a problem with their organizational system. In the case, Nike sensed that there was an issue with their current business model in that it focused on centralization but increasingly became more and more decentralized. Its only option was to acquire a SCM system to create greater supply chain visibility. They were to find vendors by shopping around for SCM systems and the organizations that program them. So they had to search for information on how to solve their problem. Nike understood that they had to quickly and accurately analyze the impacts of proposed SCM . Business should use information to evaluate alternative brands in the choice set and assess the capabilities of each. Negotiation of the terms and conditions would follow. The purchase decision follows and the business decides to buy the program. Nike addressed this issue by implementing SAP ERP in conjunction with i2 software to be its information system. The final step is the post purchase evaluation in which the company takes further action after the purchase based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The advantages of each option: Reduce costs of buying and selling, increases supply chain speed, reduces size and cost of inventories, and improves delivery scheduling. This disintermediation that occurs when eliminating the middle layers in the supply chain will increase market efficiency. The disadvantages of each option: Technology and user training. Raw Material Purchasing Process In order for there to even be a raw material purchasing process there must be a supply chain for which the raw materials get transferred through. A supply chain is considered a network of organizations/facilities that transform raw materials into products delivered to customers. The main purpose of a raw material purchasing process is for a company to be able to successfully transfer raw materials into intermediate goods which can then be transferred to finals good and delivered to the customer; this is all done to ensure that the customer gets the service as efficiently and prompt as possible. The processes itself is started once the customer realizes that there is a need or want for a product. The customer then places an order for their service through the retailer. The retailers then in-return must order from the distributors that would dispense to the retailers. The distributers are then required to order from the manufactures that develop or create the product but in order for the distributers to develop or create the product they have to order the supplies from the suppliers that they receive their materials from. The suppliers are the ones with the original raw material. Once the supply chain is complete from the customers realization up to the suppliers being notified of the raw material being needed all items are delivered and the suppliers payment goes through the same process; retailers get paid by customer the retailers pay the distributors distributors pay manufactures-manufactures pay supplier. Potential Pitfalls in Implementing a SCM System The increasing outsourcing that occurs is one of the potential pitfalls that may be Encountered when implementing a supply chain management system. Shrinking product lifecycles, intensifying economic pressures, and constant changes in supply, demand, and product make supply chain optimization harder than ever. Existing systems generate plans that become obsolete the moment theyre finished, while spreadsheets and ad hoc databases lack the visibility and collaborative capabilities organizations need to swiftly and effectively monitor and respond to change. Another downfall encountered is that user training must be administered and completed before implementing a supply chain management system. Major Tasks that need to be Completed Evidently Nike has not spent enough time and effort in implementing their supply chain process to coincide with the organization. Which is why they now must purchase a new SCM system, but before implementing this new system, major tasks must be done in order for it to work efficiently. A successful SCM System requires a change from managing individual functions to integrating activities into key supply chain processes. Supply Chain Management entails coordination and configuration of the process that is necessary to make products available in a timely, reproducible and pleasing manner. Nike must first come up with a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for their product or service. A big part in Supply Chain Management, that Nike failed to strive in, is monitoring the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers. As Nike grew and times changed, their central control became more centralized leading them to 27 different order managements systems worldwide. This clearly has led to their downfall, and evidently Nike must look over and choose suppliers to deliver the goods and services they need to create their product. Supply chain managers must develop a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers if not satisfied with the original and also create a better system for monitoring and improving their relationships. The manufacturing step is most important because this is when supply chain managers schedule the activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery. Nike must develop a proper procurement process, this is important because Nike extends globally. This is the process of strategic plans made with suppliers to support the manufacturing flow management process and the development of new products. Procurement delivers the responsibility for assuring the quality of purchased raw material/services and linking supplier operations to distribution through manufacturing activities. This step allows for measurement of quality levels, production output and worker productivity. Nike must ensure that the manufacturing processes are flexible to respond to market changes and accommodate mass customization. The product development and commercialization must be looked at as well because it is such a lengthy task. Customers and suppliers must be combined into the product development process in order to reduce time to market because the appropriate products must be developed and successfully launched with shorter time-schedules to remain competitive. If Nike is to attain competitive advantage, then their ultimate aim should be to achieve supply chain excellence before their competitors do. What Nike realized, later than other companies, is that the most important assets to an organization are their employees and consumers. Steele quotes You can never train enough which is only the truth. To ensure that this new system is successful the employees must all need to know how to use work with the system. Hence this is why Nike has now made training an important part of business. As important is the customer service management process; an organization that strives to be successful should use the following steps to build customer relationships: determine mutually satisfying goals for organization/customers establish and maintain customer relationship, and produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers. We all know companies like Nike exist to serve their consumers; hence they must find a clear and concise way of knowing exactly what their consumers want and passing that information through the supply chain to the suppliers correctly.

A Man of Much More †Giuseppe Garibaldi Essay

Through his adventures as a general and a freedom fighter, Giuseppe Garibaldi emerged as the first international celebrity and hero. As one of the few esteemed Italian heroes today, Garibaldi is â€Å"the only one who is loved as well as admired†. [1] Born in 1807 in Nice, France, Giuseppe Garibaldi was drawn into radical politics and seafaring as a young man. He soon was granted his captainship and participated in various political insurrections and uprisings. Upon his exile from Piedmont, Garibaldi was able to display his courage, persistence, and audacity, by sailing and battling as a freedom fighter in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Between 1848 and 1867, he fought numerous campaigns throughout Italy with inferior odds to the opposing French, Neapolitan, and Austrian forces for the coalition of his homeland. With his leadership and perseverance to liberate all men, Garibaldi was able to unify Italy in a final campaign in France against the Prussians, bringing Rome back under control of the Italian government. Garibaldi, through creating his image as a hero and celebrity, acquired a mythical status that is questioned by historians today. Historians try to extrapolate every aspect of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s honored character and life. They seek to find what factors provided his worldwide reverence and notoriety. Scholars such as Alfonso Scirocco and Lucy Riall employ the idea that truth and reality must be extracted from the myths embedded in the heroic image of Garibaldi. [2] In reality, noted by Paul Vallely, the materialization of media and propaganda by himself and the radical leader, Giuseppe Mazzini, served as the key factor in Garibaldi’s progression to public idolization both during and post-life. [3] Self-sacrifice and self-achievement are qualities of heroes, while propaganda and media are devices that institute fame and idolization. With the self-conscious manipulation of the press and media with help of his mentor, Giuseppe Mazzini, and determination to sacrifice to achieve goals for both himself and his country, Giuseppe Garibaldi was able to create an image as a hero, celebrity, and the â€Å"heart-throb of modern Europe†. [4] What many historians falsely accuse today, is the notion that Garibaldi was a renowned hero, whose fame was unwillingly brought upon himself due to his notable excursions as a political and military leader. This fictitious statement declares no external sources factored into the construction of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s fame, notoriety, and mythic image. In opposition to this superficial declaration, historians such as Lucy Riall and Paul Vallely pronounce that Garibaldi’s recognition and prominence as a hero was acquired through a series of self-fashioning decisions that promoted himself as a political idol to the people of Italy, and even Europe in the broader spectrum of political interest. [5] Garibaldi’s fame was acquired through a combination of factors resulting from the intentional, political strategy planned by nationalist, radical and political leader, Giuseppe Mazzini. Mazzini sought to foster radical republican views through the use of one, living, breathing, iconic hero. The emergence of new technologies, principally the electric telegraph and the cheaper printing machines, sparked what was called the information revolution, which was â€Å"expressed in the proliferation of newspapers and a popular press†. [6] This revolution was accompanied by the growth of literate masses as well as a generation of a new political culture with the public partaking in more â€Å"traditional forms of mass political expression†. 7] Using the new printed media and propaganda, Mazzini and his publicists (Mazzinian journalists) set out to endorse Garibaldi as a romantic, radical hero. In one of many attempts to promote and uphold Garibaldi’s developing image as a hero, Mazzini published two articles describing Garibaldi and his Italian Legion in Uruguay to London paper, the Apostulato Populare. The paper proclaimed, â€Å"[W]e name him [Garibaldi] with pride to our brothers†¦ because we are sure that he considers his career in South America to be merely the apprenticeship for the Italian war which one day will call him back to Europe†. 8] Glorifying his expeditions and rebellions in Uruguay, Mazzini set out to show to the public of Italy and Europe that Garibaldi was a leader and a liberator, who fought for the freedom of all men. As a continuation of his relentless promotion of Garibaldi, in January 1846, Mazzini wrote a letter to the London Times admiring the patriotism and courage of the Italian Legion. In the summer of the same year, a French translation was published as a propaganda pamphlet, which would circulate hrough continental Europe encouraging the â€Å"good people who have strong feelings of charity towards their fatherland†. [9] With encouragement of Mazzini, Filippo de Boni, a Swiss radical, published a long article in his monthly newspaper, Cosi la penso, exaggerating the lack of public support and interest regarding the sacrifices made by Garibaldi and the Italian Legion in Montevideo, but â€Å"exalting Garibaldi as ‘a man resolute in his generosity, a man of courage and intelligence, capable of great deeds, and for this freely elected by the legionaries as their colonel’ †. 10] In another effort to advocate the emerging radical politician, Giuseppe Mazzini commiss ioned the first portrait of Garibaldi that was published in Il Mondo Illustrato, in 1848 before his arrival in Italy in June 1848. This lithograph, that was taken and circulated to raise money for nationalistic causes, â€Å"depicts Garibaldi as a romantic, exotic figure, half turned towards the viewer†. [11] This spread his romantic image as a fighter – full beard and long, flowing hair, hands rested on a sabre, aesthetic eyes – and a leader. 12] This lithograph, in effect, led to the mass production of engraved portraits of Garibaldi to circulate through revolutionary (Northern) Italy. Upon his return in spring of 1848, Garibaldi was already a distinguished character, celebrated for his victories perpetuating Italian honor and â€Å"political freedom in foreign lands†. [13] Thanks to Mazzini’s efforts with the media and press, Garibaldi had become identified with courage, liberality, and ethical righteousness – â€Å"virtues exalted as inherent elements of italianita†. 14] Garibaldi had to both look and act the part of a hero, celebrity, and the symbol of Italy as one nation. He acted as a â€Å"media-savvy politician† and often basked in the attention given to him by journalists and reporters. [15] His image, notably his appearance, appealed to the reading public in his portraits and changed according to his mental and emotional states in life. Shortly before the departure of his voyage to South America, a British naval officer accurately portrayed his appearance: †¦ firm well-built frame which sat his horse like a centaur. He wore his hair and beard long; they were then of a dark brown colour, with a reddish tint in the latter. His countenance was remarkable for its serenity, and the lips pressed close together denoted a strong will, whilst his eyes were steadfast and piercing in their gaze. In stature he was of medium height, and was altogether the beau ideal of a chief of irregular troops. [16] This depiction of Garibaldi â€Å"in the full vigour of his manhood†, displays his representation as a leader, both strong and self-assured. Others, upon Garibaldi’s return to Italy during the revolutions of 1848-49 depicted him as a â€Å"represent[ation] of radicalism and rebellion, and his roughly physical, distinctly sexual, appeal could scarcely have differed more from prevailing aristocratic conventions of political portraiture†. [18] In a daguerreotype (type of photograph) taken by Marcus Root in 1851, Garibaldi is portrayed in a strikingly different manner than his previous romantic, freedom-fighting image. No trace of his red blouse, flowing hair, and zealous expression is present. He strikes a solemn, mannerly pose, with the nature of a rising sun in the background. His good looks are apparent, but he is groomed, wearing a â€Å"dark double-breasted coat and neatly tied cavat, with tidy and well trimmed hair and beard†. [19] The tranquil yet downhearted stare in his eyes shows viewers his emotional state of reverence and the change of persona that had occurred. Garibaldi’s exile to America marks the point of leaving his image as a bandit and freedom fighter. This new radically changed guise while in New York, remarks a heavy notion of respectability, in opposition to the â€Å"the youthful romantic, the exotic and picturesque rebel who had fought on the hills above Rome in 1849†. [20] This deep feeling of somberness was due to the death of his Uruguayan wife; his companion through his wild escapades as a freedom fighter. In a portrait of Garibaldi, artist, Gustave Dore, set out to show the compromise between â€Å"Garibaldi’s romantic past and more conventional present†. 21] Placed in a rocky scenery, Garibaldi is shown in the portrait with a cloak over top his generals uniform; this idea stresses his new gentlemanly features acquired in New York due to his mannerly Piedmontese uniform, but also emphasizes Garibaldi’s romantic past – the rocky peak in the background, with Garibaldi at the top bearing his cloak and long hair. Garibaldi did not simply appear drastically different to appeal to the radical public of Europe. He appealed to â€Å"Italy’s famous past, to religion, martyrdom and betrayal, to military violence and hatred of the foreigner, and to family, sex and romantic love†. [22] Along with his astounding military accomplishments, Garibaldi was able to gain the love and support of the people through his constant modification of his own image. Self-consciously, Garibaldi constructed himself into a â€Å"global brand† and â€Å"the heart throb of metropolitan Europe†. [23] Continuing his role as a self-fashioning, nationalist hero, Garibaldi intended to attain worldwide reverence subsequent to his glorious life. Upon his death in 1882, The Times (London), according to Riall, expressed the shock at the loss of a man who had â€Å"fascinated two hemispheres for thirty years†. [24] This fascination with Garibaldi, the idea of popularity and intense idolization, was acknowledged more after his death than during his lifetime. His use of media to create a strong self image, his personal skills and physical attraction, and his spectacular military victories all contributed to the realization, which occurred after his death, that he was the true hero and sword in the Risorgimento and unification of Italy. Garibaldi’s memoirs and autobiographical novel, I Mille, were prolongations to his endeavors of promoting his own image. In conclusion to his long life of upheaval and radical political affairs, Giuseppe Garibaldi intended to allege himself as the symbol of the Risorgimento movement and the resurrection of Italy, to which he dedicated his very own existence. The funeral processions and ceremonies of Garibaldi occurred in many major cities of Italy; all elaborate celebrations of his greatness and contribution to Italy’s unification. In Rome, perhaps the most ornate commemorations occurred. A color lithograph was printed depicting the transport of Garibaldi’s bust to the Campidoglio in Rome. In the print, a marvelous parade follows the bust of Garibaldi’s head, which is being crowned with a laurel wreath by a statue of liberty placed beside the giant head. The enormous statues are drawn in a carriage by eight white horses and carved into the side of the carriage were portrayals of Garibaldi’s triumphant arrivals into Naples, Palermo, and Rome. [25] Riall seeks to xpose Garibaldi’s post-life reverence and attempt to signify himself as the ‘Sword’ of Italy’s unification. In conclusion, Garibaldi was indeed a self-fashioning hero and political actor who strove at self-promotion due to the awareness that a new age of â€Å"ubiquitous† fame and ceasing belief in â€Å"Great Men† was present. [26] Undoubtedly, Garibaldi’s political innovation and military successes played value roles in obtaining iconic public appeal for 40 years while shifting from a revolutionary standpoint of nationalism to an official principle of an established regime, the Risorgimento. 27] Predominantly, his interaction with the press and media and his â€Å"natural possession† and â€Å"dramatic timing†, applied his fame and fortune: †¦ he knew how to strike a pose, he knew how to use his voice, his body and his smile, he knew when to be brave and when to be humble, and he knew when to abandon the stage and distance himself from the public furore created by his presence.

The Most Incredibly Ignored Solution for College Essay Writers

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Unethical, cruel, and disturbing. These are just a few...

Unethical, cruel, and disturbing. These are just a few words that come in mind when Society thinks about animal testing. The animals used in laboratory tests and experiments are put through hours and hours of painful and traumatizing tests daily, doing this is wrong and should not be done. What is this country doing to stop this torture? They are doing absolutely nothing. There are a few organizations such as, People for the Ethical Treatments of Animals and The Humane society of the United States (humansociety.org) are working together to end this terrible outrage, but a few groups of people will not make a big impact on this matter. This nation needs to come together and see the truth behind these crimes. Animal testing needs to be†¦show more content†¦To use the term in relation to non-human animals, is to make the assumption that they too have subjective experiences that are private to them and therefore unknowable by us (aspca.org). Animals obviously have emotions and therefore should not be tested on. The science of animal testing needs to be a growing public interest in the welfare of animals not only pets, but also on farms, zoos, and in research laboratories. Laws, guidelines, regulations, best practice standards and codes for how animals should be treated already abound and are increasing in numbers all the time (aspca.org).Whether we like it or not, people are constantly making decisions about how animals should be treated. What we need to do is to make sure that those decisions are based as much as possible on sound scientific information. Science cannot tell us what we ought to do; however it can provide the scientific information for the moral beliefs about them that believed it was wrong to inflict pain on an organism but also thought that fish did not subjectively feel pain. You might believe that it was morally acceptable to cut up fish or fish with hooks. Animal health is important so testing on them is wrong. Some people say that animal testing is not cruel and that it is crueler to test new drugs on people or children, or to let people die because there was not enough informationShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesOutcomes 457 Creating Confidence 458 Review of Empowerment Principles 459 Inhibitors to Empowerment 461 Attitudes About Subordinates 462 Personal Insecurities 462 Need for Control 462 Delegating Work 463 Advantages of Empowered Delegation 463 Deciding When to Delegate 464 Deciding to Whom to Delegate 465 Deciding How to Delegate Effectively 465 Review of Delegation Principles 470 International Caveats 471 443 SKILL ANALYSIS 474 Cases Involving Empowerment and Delegation 474 Minding the Store 474Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesinterest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse, and these we have captured to add to learningRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesComprehension: Questions for Review 80 Key Terms 80 81 HRM Workshop Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 81 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 81 Case Application 3-A: Diversity Is the New Color This Year 81 Case Application 3-B: When Oversight Fails 81 Working with a Team: What’s Your Perception? 82 Learning an HRM Skill: Investigating a Harassment Complaint 82 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 83 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for Recruiting Minorities and Women 60 Adverse Impact